![]() Both the semicircular canals and the otolith organs provide information to the brain regarding the body's position and movement. ![]() About the size of a pencil eraser, the vestibular system contains two distinct structures: the semicircular canals, which detect changes in angular acceleration, and the otolith organs (the utricle and the saccule), which detect changes in linear acceleration and gravity. The inner ear contains the vestibular system, which is also known as the organ of equilibrium. Instrument-rated pilots also use view-limiting devices supervised by an instructor or a safety pilot to practise instrument flight and maintain instrument flying proficiency. ![]() To mitigate this situation, a student pilot or a pilot under instruction practices by using a view-limiting device to learn instrument flying proficiency under the supervision of a flight instructor. In the ever-tightening, descending spiral the aircraft eventually exits the base of the clouds and/or hits the ground. At that point the aircraft is describing a descending circle or spiral, with a flight path that again resembles being in a funnel. An increasing component of the lift being generated by the wings is directed sideways by the bank angle, not only pushing the airplane "upward" into the turn, but reducing the amount of lift which is holding the airplane up. Pulling back on the control yoke has the effect of tightening that circle and causing the airplane to lose altitude at an increasing rate, like water swirling in a drain or funnel. In a banking turn, however, the airplane is at an angle and will be scribing a large circle in the sky. This usually leads to the pilot attempting to climb by pulling back on the control yoke. The pilot mistakenly believes they are flying with the wings level, but with a descent indicated on the altimeter and vertical speed indicator. Flying by "the seat of the pants", and failing to recognize and/or respond to instrument readings, is the most common source of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), where an airplane controlled by a pilot hits the ground. Mechanical failure is often a result, but generally not a causal factor, as it is the pilot's sense of equilibrium which leads to the spiral dive. The graveyard spiral consists of both physiological and physical components. The pilot loses the ability to judge the orientation of their aircraft due to the brain's misperception of spatial cues. Graveyard spirals are the result of several sensory illusions in aviation which may occur in actual or simulated IMC, when the pilot experiences spatial disorientation and loses awareness of the aircraft's attitude. Graveyard spirals are most common at night or in poor weather conditions where no horizon exists to provide visual correction for misleading inner-ear cues. Other names for this phenomenon include suicide spiral, deadly spiral, death spiral and vicious spiral. In aviation, a graveyard spiral is a type of dangerous spiral dive entered into accidentally by a pilot who is not trained or not proficient in flying in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Spiral dive entered by a pilot due to spatial disorientation Graveyard spiral
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